From: Critical hydraulic gradients for seepage-induced failure of landslide dams
 | Soil type |  | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gravel | Coarse sand | Medium sand | Fine sand | Source | |
Chugaev | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.15 | 0.12 | Chugaev (1962) |
Chugaev reduced | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.11 | 0.10 | Chugaev (1962) |
Bligh | 0.11 | 0.083 | - | 0.067 | Bligh (1910) |
Lane | 0.095 | 0.067 | 0.056 | 0.048 | Lane (1935) |
Muller-Kirchenbauer, lower limit | - | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.06 | Müller-Kirchenbauer et al. (1993) |
Muller-Kirchenbauer, upper limit | - | 0.17 | 0.10 | 0.08 | Müller-Kirchenbauer et al. (1993) |
Weijers & Sellmeijer, C u  = 1.5 | 0.28 | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.09 | Weijers & Sellmeijer (1993) |
Weijers & Sellmeijer, C u  = 3 | 0.34 | 0.28 | 0.24 | 0.14 | Weijers & Sellmeijer (1993) |