Fig. 7

Outcrop photographs of the SSDs of Example 2. a The major part of the SSDs interval. The arrowed intervals in the silt indicate the lower (lo) and upper (up) portions. Note that black sandy silt layer(bs) which shows undulation in geometry of the layer in the upper part, suggestive of ductile deformation. The stretched sandy slit layers are suggested by dotted arrows, indicating a minor sliding of the bed. The trowel is 0.35 m long. ms = massive sand, afl = anti-flame structure, cr = cracks, w = wedge, FL = Fluvial channel fill deposit. b Close-up photograph of the massive sand bed below the muddy interval. The arrow indicates a minor injection of sand into the underlying silt, suggesting the liquefaction of sand. The circled part shows ripped-up sand clasts from the sublayer