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Table 3 Peoples' Perceptions Regarding Origin of Hazards

From: Mountain hazard susceptibility and livelihood security in the upper catchment area of the river Beas, Kullu Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India

Hazards/Causes

Landslide

Floods

Avalanche

Cloudburst

Fire

Rock fall

Soil erosion

Total

1. Deforestation

5

5

3

4

0

4

5

26

2. Slope cutting and construction of Roads

5

0

1

0

0

4

5

15

3. Improper Draining on slopes

3

1

0

0

0

2

5

11

4. Overgrazing

3

0

0

0

--

3

4

10

5. Steep Slopes

2

1

4

0

0

2

3

12

6. Heavy Snowfall

0

1

5

0

0

1

1

8

7. Glacial Lake Outburst

0

1

1

0

0

1

0

3

8. Heavy Rainfall

5

5

2

3

0

1

4

20

9. Changing Land-uses

2

1

1

2

0

1

2

9

10. Tourism

2

1

1

1

3

2

1

10

11. Faulty Agricultural Practices

1

1

1

1

1

0

2

7

Total

28

17

19

11

4

21

32

 
  1. Source: Primary Survey, 2014
  2. Compilation by Researcher