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Table 2 Summary of experiment carried out for dams composed of mixed materials

From: Hydromechanical constraints on piping failure of landslide dams: an experimental investigation

Run series

Material

Composition (%)

T e (s)

T b (s)

Characteristic features

1

Dam mix A

Equal amounts of SS 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8

90

160

Piping and hydraulic fracturing

2

Dam mix B

SS-5 and SS-8 (70:30)

98

145

Piping followed by pipe roof collapse

3

Dam mix C

SS-6 and SS-8 (30:70)

82

158

Piping followed by pipe roof collapse

4

Dam mix D

SS-4 and SS-8 (30:70)

86

184

Well-defined piping hole which supported the pipe roof