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Table 4 Soil Parameters applied in numerical model

From: The deformation of retaining piles and ground surface under various support systems during deep excavation

Layer

Soil group

Thickness (m)

Weight density (kN/m3)

Cohesion (kPa)

Friction angle (°)

Shear modulus (MPa)

Bulk modulus (MPa)

1

Miscellaneous fill

2.30

17.50

7.00

10.00

4.48

12.50

2

Silty clay

2.70

17.90

22.00

11.00

3.98

9.72

3

Fill

5.00

17.80

24.00

11.60

4.55

11.11

4

Clay

10.00

19.30

75.00

11.80

13.64

33.33

5

Sandstone

20.00

24.00

140.00

30.00

1200.00

2000.00