Table 1 The selected variables of drought and desertification in Draa Valley. The last column presents all the variables which are common to the two phenomena
Desertification variables | Drought variables | Common indicators | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
General | Frequent phenomena | General | Frequent phenomena | Â |
Desertification Causes | Land degradation | Â | ||
Climate | Temperature | – | – |  |
Rainfall | ||||
Winds | ||||
Physical factors | Groundwater Scarcity | Physical factors | Groundwater Scarcity | * (1) |
Surface water scarcity | Surface water scarcity | * (2) | ||
Water Salinity | Water Salinity | * (3) | ||
Soil salinity | Soil salinity | * (4) | ||
– | Sand silting |  | ||
Biological factors | Overgrazing | Biological factors | Overgrazing | * (5) |
Deforestation | Deforestation | * (6) | ||
Bayoud disease | Bayoud disease | * (7) | ||
Social factors | Transhumants | Social factors | Transhumants | * (8) |
Population growth | Population growth | * (9) | ||
Migration | Migration | * (10) | ||
Schooling | Schooling | * (11) | ||
Fertilizer use | Gender | Â | ||
– | Psycological |  | ||
Access to services | Health | Access to services | Health | * (12) |
School | School | * (13) | ||
Drinking water | Drinking water | * (14) | ||
Electricity | Electricity | * (15) | ||
– | Exploitation of forests and pastures |  | ||
Consequences | Irrigation canals and seguias | Economy | Revenue Reduction | Â |
Settlements | Yield reduction | Â | ||
Roads and tracks | Livestock reduction | Â | ||
| Â | Land use (crops) | Â | ||
Solutions | Production of organic fertilizers | Solutions | Production of organic fertilizers | * (16) |
Seasonal migration | Seasonal migration | * (17) | ||
Tourism | Safe water | Â | ||
Diversification of activities (tourism, crafts) | Â | |||