Fig. 15
From: Influence of the topographic effect on the seismic response of buried pipelines

Effect of D/t and SF on the maximum strain ratio of pipeline elbows at the crest and toe of the slope: (a) Chi-Chi earthquake; (b) Northridge earthquake
From: Influence of the topographic effect on the seismic response of buried pipelines
Effect of D/t and SF on the maximum strain ratio of pipeline elbows at the crest and toe of the slope: (a) Chi-Chi earthquake; (b) Northridge earthquake