Fig. 16
From: Influence of the topographic effect on the seismic response of buried pipelines

Maximum axial strain at elbow at crest of slope is higher than at the toe for Northridge input motion and rock type R1 at SF = 0.7
From: Influence of the topographic effect on the seismic response of buried pipelines
Maximum axial strain at elbow at crest of slope is higher than at the toe for Northridge input motion and rock type R1 at SF = 0.7