Fig. 4
From: Influence of the topographic effect on the seismic response of buried pipelines

Sensitivity of straight part vs. pipe strain at elbow in 3D models under Northridge earthquake record (SF = 0.7; rock type R4; D/t = 99)
From: Influence of the topographic effect on the seismic response of buried pipelines
Sensitivity of straight part vs. pipe strain at elbow in 3D models under Northridge earthquake record (SF = 0.7; rock type R4; D/t = 99)