Table 1 Characteristics of soil medium
From: Influence of the topographic effect on the seismic response of buried pipelines
Rock type | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Description | shale | shale | tuff | tuff |
Cohesion C (kPa) | 30 | 36 | 31 | 32 |
Internal friction angle Ï• (deg.) | 27 | 30 | 30 | 32 |
Modulus of elasticity E (Pa) | 1.00E+ 9 | 2.02E+ 9 | 3.15E+ 9 | 4.27E+ 9 |
Mass density (kg/m3) | 2200 | 2250 | 2320 | 2350 |
Poisson ratio Ï… | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.27 | 0.26 |
Dilatant angle  φ (deg.) | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 |
Shear wave velocity (m/s) | 421 | 592 | 731 | 849 |