Fig. 5
Landslide distribution according to the classes of causal factors (a slope [< 10, 10–20, 20–30, 30–40, 40–50, > 50], b aspect [North, NE, East, SE, South, SW, West, NW], c elevation [794–1300, 1300–1800, 1800–2400, 2400–3000, 3000–3600, > 3600], d geological formation [Sermanthang, Simpani, Hadi Khola, Dhad Khola, Gyalthung, Pangang], e land cover [Needle leaved closed forest, Needle leaved open forest, Broad leaved closed forest, Broad leaved open forest, Shrubland, Grassland, Agriculture], f distance to the river [< 100, 100–200, 200–400, > 400], g distance to road [< 678, 678–1733, 1733–2869, 2869–3965, 3965–5216, 5216–6573, 6573–7930, 7930–9338, 9338–10955, 10955-13303], h soil type [Humic cambisols, Gelic leptisols, Eutric regosols, Gleyic cambisols, Eutric cambisols, Chromic cambisols], i peak ground acceleration, [< 20%, 20–30%, 30–40%, 40–50%] j topographic wetness index [0–88–4.12, 4.12–5.38, 5.38–6.85, 6.85–9.20, 9.20–18.00], k curvature [–34 to –3.99, –3.99 to –1.37, –1.37 to 0.38, 0.38 to 2.41, 2.41 to 6.20, 6.20 to 39.39], l distance to fault [< 1088, 1088–2520, 2520–4180, 4180–6070, 6070–8188, 8188–10707, 10707–14544], and m flow accumulation[< 220, 220–329, 329–549, 549–993, 993–1885, 1885–3618, 3618–7297, 7297–14575, 14575–29225, 29225–58714]). The bar graph represents the LRD in percent shown in the primary y-axis. The dotted line with round marker represents LAA (%), and line with triangular marker represents LNA (landslide #/km2); depicted in the secondary y-axis