Table 1 Selected impact scenarios
From: Empirical formulation for debris flow impact and energy release
ID | L1 (m) | Lm (m) | i ( −) | h (m) | V1 (m3/m) | ν0,1 (m/s) | β (°) | d (m) | L2 (m) | B (m) | b (m) | H (m) | Fr ( −) | H/h ( −) | Impact mechanism* | Expected overtopping^ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 21 | 15 | 3 | 3 | 45 | 10 | 60 | 3 | 6.95 | 11 | 4 | 6 | 1.60 | 2 | Standing jump | Large |
2 | 21 | 15 | 3 | 3 | 45 | 20 | 60 | 3 | 6.95 | 11 | 4 | 6 | 3.19 | 2 | Airborne jet | Large |
3 | 21 | 15 | 3 | 3 | 45 | 10 | 90 | 3 | \(\infty\) | – | – | \(\infty\) | 1.84 | \(\infty\) | N/D | Nil |
4 | 47 | 45 | 43 | 1 | 45 | 10 | 60 | 3 | 6.95 | 11 | 4 | 6 | 2.76 | 6 | Bore | Moderate |
5 | 21 | 15 | 3 | 3 | 45 | 5 | 60 | 3 | 6.95 | 11 | 4 | 6 | 0.80 | 2 | Dead zone | Nil |
6 | 21 | 15 | 3 | 3 | 45 | 15 | 60 | 3 | 6.95 | 11 | 4 | 6 | 2.40 | 2 | Airborne jet | Large |
7 | 21 | 15 | 5 | 3 | 63 | 10 | 60 | 3 | 6.95 | 11 | 4 | 6 | 1.60 | 2 | Standing jump | Large |
8 | 21 | 15 | 3 | 3 | 45 | 10 | 80 | 3 | 6.08 | 8.5 | 6.5 | 6 | 1.82 | 2 | Standing jump | Large |
9 | 21 | 15 | 1 | 4 | 48 | 10 | 60 | 3 | 6.95 | 11 | 4 | 6 | 1.38 | 2 | Standing jump | Large |