Table 3 Difference between wave-induced liquefaction and seismic liquefaction (modified from Zen and Yamazaki 1990a; Sumer et al. 2007)
From: Susceptibility of typical marine geological disasters: an overview
Difference | Earthquake-induced liquefaction | Wave-induced liquefaction |
|---|---|---|
External forces | Earthquake | Wave |
Loading | Cyclic shear stress | Oscillatory water pressure |
Input | Base | Surface |
period | Order of 1Â s | Order of 10Â s |
Duration | Several minutes | A couple of days or weeks |
Drainage condition | Undrained | Partially drained |
Excess pore pressure | Positive, gradual increase | Positive and negative, oscillatory |
Effective stress | Decrease | Decrease and increase alternately |
Liquefaction phenomena | Occur at once | Occur transiently and repeatedly |